![]() In feces, 43.3% of all identified metabolites were significantly different between the vegans and omnivores, such as amino acid fermentation products p-cresol, scatole, indole, methional (lower in the vegans), and polysaccharide fermentation product short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, MCFAs), and their derivatives (higher in the vegans). However, significant differences in vegan and omnivore metabolomes were observed. Long-term reported adherence to a vegan diet affected only 14.8% of all detected bacterial genera in fecal microbiome. Results: The vegans had more favorable glucose and lipid homeostasis profiles than the omnivores. We assessed their glucose and lipid metabolism and employed an integrated multi-omics approach (16S rRNA sequencing, metabolomics profiling) to compare dietary intake, metabolic health, gut microbiome, and fecal, serum, and urine metabolomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved lean, healthy vegans ( n = 62) and omnivore ( n = 33) subjects. We aimed to identify differences in key features of microbiome composition and function with relevance to metabolic health in individuals adhering to a vegan vs. ![]() 13Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germanyīackground and Aim: Plant-based diets are associated with potential health benefits, but the contribution of gut microbiota remains to be clarified.12Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.11Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden. ![]() 10Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.9Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.8Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.7Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.6First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia. ![]() 5Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.4Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia.3Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.2Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.1Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.Sowah 7,8 Maria Kralova 9 Marina Henikova 1 Eliska Selinger 1 Krystof Klima 10 Karel Chalupsky 10 Radislav Sedlacek 10 Rikard Landberg 11 Tilman Kühn 12,13 † Jan Gojda 1 † Monika Cahova 5 * † Magdalena Prochazkova 1 Eva Budinska 2 Marek Kuzma 3 Helena Pelantova 3 Jaromir Hradecky 4 Marie Heczkova 5 Nikola Daskova 5,6 Miriam Bratova 5 Istvan Modos 5 Petra Videnska 2 Petra Splichalova 2 Solomon A.
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